Nouns

(n)disability, disablement, handicap, impairmentthe condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness“reading disability”, “hearing impairment”
(n)handicapadvantage given to a competitor to equalize chances of winning
(n)hindrance, hinderance, deterrent, impediment, balk, baulk, check, handicapsomething immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress

Verbs

(v)disable, invalid, incapacitate, handicapinjure permanently“He was disabled in a car accident”
(v)handicapattempt to forecast the winner (especially in a horse race) and assign odds for or against a contestant
(v)handicap, hinder, hamperput at a disadvantage“The brace I have to wear is hindering my movements”