Nouns

(n)blink of an eye, flash, heartbeat, instant, jiffy, split second, trice, twinkling, wink, New York minutea very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)“if I had the chance, I'd do it in a flash”
(n)moment, minute, second, instanta particular point in time“the moment he arrived the party began”

Adjectives

(s)instantaneous, instantoccurring with no delay“relief was instantaneous”, “instant gratification”
(s)instant, instin or of the present month“your letter of the 10th inst”
(s)clamant, crying, exigent, insistent, instantdemanding attention“clamant needs”, “a crying need”, “regarded literary questions as exigent and momentous” (H.L.Mencken), “insistent hunger”, “an instant need”