Nouns

(n)ancestor, ascendant, ascendent, antecedent, rootsomeone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)
(n)antecedenta preceding occurrence or cause or event
(n)antecedent, forerunneranything that precedes something similar in time“phrenology was an antecedent of modern neuroscience”
(n)antecedentthe referent of an anaphor; a phrase or clause that is referred to by an anaphoric pronoun

Adjectives

(a)antecedentpreceding in time or order