əkˈsɛs ˈɛkstɹə ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt suːpəɹɛˈɹɒɡətəɹi suːˈpɜːflu.əs suːˈpɝːflu.əs ˌsuːpəˈnjuːm(ə)ɹ(ə)ɹi ˌsupɚˈn(j)uməˌɹɛɹi ˈsɝˌplʌs ˈsɜːpləs repetition of same and identical sense with different and non-identical words ‘a true fact’ and ‘a free gift’ are pleonastic expressions the phrase ‘a beginner who has just started’ is tautological at the risk of being redundant I return to my original proposition more than is needed, desired, or required trying to lose excess weight found some extra change lying on the dresser yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant skills made redundant by technological advance sleeping in the spare room supernumerary ornamentation it was supererogatory of her to gloat delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts surplus cheese distributed to the needy