əkˈsɛs əkˈsɛs ˈɛkstɹə nɪˈmaɪ ɪ ti ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt suːpəɹɛˈɹɒɡətəɹi suːˈpɜːflu.əs suːˈpɝːflu.əs ˌsuːpəˈnjuːm(ə)ɹ(ə)ɹi ˌsupɚˈn(j)uməˌɹɛɹi ˈsɜː.fɪt ˈsɝː.fɪt ˈsɝˌplʌs ˈsɜːpləs ˈsɝˌplʌs ˈsɜːpləs excessive indulgence the child was spoiled by overindulgence more than is needed, desired, or required trying to lose excess weight found some extra change lying on the dresser yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant skills made redundant by technological advance sleeping in the spare room supernumerary ornamentation it was supererogatory of her to gloat delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts surplus cheese distributed to the needy immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits a quantity much larger than is needed the state of being more than full